Manuel Fernández Caballero (1828-1889) was a Spanish composer and conductor, primarily known for his contributions to the zarzuela, a traditional Spanish musical theatre genre that combines spoken dialogue with songs. Born in the city of Cuenca, he became a prominent figure in the evolution of zarzuela during the 19th century. Caballero's notable works include "El barberillo de Lavapiés" (1874), which is one of his most celebrated zarzuelas, showcasing his ability to blend humor with poignant social commentary. Other significant pieces include "La marcha de los héroes" and "La tempestad." His compositions often featured vibrant melodies and engaging rhythms, which helped popularize zarzuela both in Spain and abroad. Caballero's impact on music lies in his role in refining the zarzuela genre, elevating it to a respected art form. He influenced subsequent composers, including Francisco Álvarez García and Pablo Sorozábal. His work contributed to the cultural identity of Spanish music in the late 19th century and laid the groundwork for future developments in both zarzuela and Spanish operatic traditions.